In your own words define salinity and what its measures

Question

1. In your own words, define salinity and what its measures.
2. What is the average salinity of the oceans? Be sure to include the value and the units.
3. How is chlorinity related to salinity? Explain.
4. What happens to local salinity when evaporation rates increase: Rises or Lowers?
5. What happens to local salinity when ice formation rates increase: Rises or Lowers?
6. What happens to local salinity when rain increases: Rises or Lowers?
7. What happens to local salinity when river input increases: Rises or Lowers?
8. Where is surface salinity highest in the world ocean (in general)? Why?
9. Where is surface salinity lowest in the world ocean (in general)? Why?
10. What happens to gas solubility when pressure increases: Rises or Lowers?
11. What happens to gas solubility when temperature increases: Rises or Lowers?
12. What happens to gas solubility when salinity increases: Rises or Lowers?
13. Which gas is highest in abundance in the atmosphere?
14. Which gas is highest in abundance in the oceans? Why?
15. Which of the following processes increases oxygen in the oceans?
    • atmospheric interaction
    • decomposition
    • photosynthesis
    • respiration
    • volcanic outgassing
16. Which of the following processes increases carbon dioxide in the oceans?
    • atmospheric
    • interaction
    • decomposition
    • photosynthesis respiration
    • volcanic outgassing
17. What does pH measure? Be specific and include your own definition.
18. In 1 liter of water there is more H+ than OH-, what kind of solution is it: Acidic, Neutral, or Basic?
19. The pH ranges from 1 to 14. What is the pH range for basic solutions? 
20. What is the pH range for neutral solutions? acidic solutions?
21. What is the average pH of the oceans?
22. What is the average pH of coffee?   
23. What is the average pH of blood?    
24. What is the average pH of rum?
25. The log book listed five biogeochemical cycles. Pick ONE and describe in your own words how the cycle works. Create or include an illustration to go along with your description.