in the case of materials some of the atoms or


In the case of materials some of the atoms or ions in the material have a net magnetic due to unpaired electrons in partially filled orbits. However, the individual magnetic moments do not interact magnetically, and like diamagnetism, the magnetisation is zero when field is removed. In the presence of a field, there is an incomplete alignment of the atomic magnetic moments in the direction of the field. It results in a net positive magnetization and positive susceptibility, as depicted in addition the efficiency of the field in aligning the moments is opposed by the randomizing effects of temperature. This result in a temperature dependent susceptibility called as curie law. At normal temperatures and in moderate fields, the paramagnetic susceptibility is small (but large than the diamagnetic contribution). Unless the temperature is very low (<<100K) or the field is very high. Paramagnetic susceptibility is not dependent of the applied field. Some examples of paramagnetic materials are oxygen gas, magnesium, Montmorillonite (clay), Biotitic (Silicate), siderite (Carbonate), pyrite (sulphide), molybdenum, lithium and tantalum.

 

 

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Physics: in the case of materials some of the atoms or
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