In your city the population is 45% white, 23% black, 21% Hispanic, and 11% none of the above. You have just gone through the yearly applicants for the police department. Your applicant pool consisted of 240 white applicants, 88 black applicants, 112 Hispanic applicants, and 41 applicants not identifying as any of those groups. In terms of demographic breakdown, was your applicant pool statistically different than your city's general demographic profile (at the 95% confidence level)?
IF NOT: A city council member looks at the numbers and percentages and says, "wait, but these percentages are different than the city's general demographic percentages. Why are you saying that there is no difference between the applicant pool and the city demographic profile?" How do you respond?
IF SO: What is the group with the largest disproportionality (meaning the biggest relative difference between observed and expected values)? Try to come up with a possible explanation for that group's under-representation or over-representation in the applicant pool.