In September of 2006, Scientific American reported that "Washing Hands Reduces Moral Taint."23 To demonstrate that people are inclined to wash their hands as a response to a feeling of moral uncleanliness, researchers asked some students to recall an ethical action they had undertaken in their lives; others were asked to recall an unethical action. "After recalling an unethical memory, students were more likely to choose a free antiseptic wipe over a free pencil when offered the choice, as compared with untested subjects who showed little preference." Which of these would be most worrisome in this experiment: placebo effect, experimenter effect, lack of realism, or imposing a treatment that is unethical?