1. Explain how research typically focuses on males and is then applied to females.
2. Illustrate how female delinquency is different from that of males.
3. Describe the contribution of labeling theory to explaining female delinquency.
4. Discuss the effects of poverty on parenting.
5. Describe the effects of divorce on delinquency, as well as the effect of social support, family conflict, and parents and siblings.
6. Discuss how a child might not necessarily be the recipient of family violence or conflict but the cause.
7. Explain the four types of injuries common to physical child abuse.
8. Discuss the difference between child neglect and child abuse.