1. Pessimists commonly claim that, if you drop a piece of buttered bread, it will probably land butter-side down. Identify the mode of inquiry (authority, rational, empirical) you would use to evaluate this claim, and briefly explain how you would go about it.
2. A European car company claims that its car provides greater protection from rearend collisions than other manufacturers' cars. Identify the mode of inquiry (authority, rational, empirical) you would use to evaluate this claim, and briefl y explain how you would go about it.