Problem
• Apply common epidemiological concepts including incidence and prevalence of disease, mortality and survival and age standardization.
• Recognise the role of exposure to biological, behavioral, social and environmental risks in disease patterns.
• Differentiate between different types of research designs, including observation and experimental and mixed methods designs.
• Assess levels of evidence and make recommendations.
• Interpret data arising from surveillance and research studies, including rates and ratios.
• Understand the difference between association and causation, statistical and public health significance.
• Analyse the role of epidemiology in screening and prevention programs, and assess the sensitivity and specificity of programs.
• Critically evaluate epidemiological studies, including potential for bias, confounding and chance errors.
• Identify key health indicators and sources of data.
The response must include a reference list. Using Times New Roman 12 pnt font, double-space, one-inch margins, and APA style of writing and citations.