Homework
In your homework, answer the following questions:
The length of your response should be sufficient to answer each question fully
I. Define the term case-control study, describing how cases and controls are selected. Compare and contrast case-cross control studies with respect to their specific applications. Using the textbook, list some examples of case-control and cross-sectional studies.
II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each of the following types of controls in a case-control study:
i. Population-based
ii. Hospital cases
iii. Relatives
III. The association between job-related exposure to welding fumes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was explored in a case-control study. The following data were reported for 399 COPD patients: 37 currently employed as welders; the remainder had no occupational exposure. Among 800 controls, 48 were employed as welders. Set up a 2 by 2 table and calculate the OR (odds ratio) between welding and COPD.
IV. Why would you exclude women who cannot develop the disease as controls in a case-control study of gynecologic cancer?
V. The following ORs are reported for several hypothetical examples. Give your interpretation of the results, assuming all results are statistically significant unless otherwise specified.
i. OR (low-fat diet and colon cancer) + 0.6
ii. OR (aerobic exercise and dental caries) + 1 (not significant)
iii. OR (exposure to side-stream cigarette smoke and lung cancer) + 1.3
iv. OR (infectious disease of the pelvis and ectopic [tubal] pregnancy) + 3.0
VI. A random-digit dialed survey conducted in the City of Long Beach, California, reported that a greater proportion of nonsmokers endorsed a ban on smoking in alcohol-serving establishments than did smokers. What type of study design was this?
VII. An abrupt drop in mortality due to a specific cause is observed from one year to the next. Identify at least three possible reasons for such a change.
Format your homework according to the following formatting requirements:
i) The answer should be typed, using Times New Roman font (size 12), double spaced, with one-inch margins on all sides.
ii) The response also includes a cover page containing the title of the homework, the student's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
iii) Also include a reference page. The Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.