(i) Define the parameter of interest in the context of the problem
(ii) State the alternative hypothesis.
(iii) State the distribution used to calculate the P-value (not the formula, but the distribution, eg. t distribution). There is no need to calculate the P-value. If the distribution involves degrees of freedom (such as t-distribution), you must also provide the value of the degrees of freedom.
A soil scientist is interested in studying if the soil for a certain field is acidic (pH level less than 7 is acidic; pH level of 7 is neutral). Acidic soil is not suitable for certain crops. The scientist is going to examine a random sample of soil samples and measure their pH levels. The scientist knows it is reasonable to assume that the pH levels of all the possible soil samples that might drawn are Normally distributed. She takes five randomly selected samples of soil from the field and measures the pH level in these samples.