1. All sound arguments are valid, but not all valid arguments are sound. This means
a. validity is necessary but not sufficient for soundness.
b. validity is sufficient for soundness.
c. soundness is necessary for validity.
d. validity is not necessary for soundness.
2. If I expect that something in the future will be similar to something in the past, it is likely that I am using)
a. deductive reasoning.
b. seductive reasoning.
c. inductive reasoning.
d. abductive reasoning.
3. Human reasoning tends to use a mixture of both
a. oil and vinegar.
b. induction and deduction.
c. induction and reduction.
d. reduction and deduction.
4. "When I once visited Texas, it was hot. So the next time I visit Texas, it will be hot" is an example of a
a. sound inductive argument.
b. valid inductive argument.
c. sound deductive argument.
d. weak inductive argument.
5. The premises of an argument are
a. valid.
b. inferences.
c. not valid.
d. true or false.
6. To criticize a deductive argument logically, one might
a. hit the person making the argument.
b. show one of the premises is false.
c. show one of the premises is true.
d. show the conclusion follows validly from the premises.
7. One way to make an inductive argument stronger is to
a. make the conclusion weaker.
b. eliminate the conclusion.
c. state the argument in a louder voice.
d. pretend your argument is a good one.
8. "10 is less than 100; 100 is less than 1,000; consequently, 10 is less than 1,000" is an example of a
a. sound deductive argument.
b. valid inductive argument.
c. sound inductive argument.
d. weak inductive argument.
9. Deductive arguments should never be characterized as
a. true.
b. inferences.
c. valid.
d. sound.
10. Even if an inductive argument is extremely strong, its conclusion may still
a. be false.
b. be necessarily true.
c. be ungrammatical.
d. fail to be syntactically well-formed.