How were the very first sediments recovered what are

Question

1. How were the very first sediments recovered?
2. What are gravity cores, how much sediment could they recover?
3. What was the goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Project
4. What types of information about the past do oceanographers get from sediment cores?
5. What is biogenous sediment made from?
6. What is cosmogenous sediment?
7. How does lithogenous / terrigenous sediment get into the ocean?  Where does it come from?
8. What are the most common type of sediments found along the coast?  In a middle of an ocean basin? On a hydrothermal vent?
9. What methods are used to obtain information about the sediments on and below the seafloor?
10. What characteristics are used to describe lithogenous sediments?
11. If you drilled into the sediments of the deep-sea floor just beyond the continental rise of the northeastern United States, what layers of sediment would you be likely to encounter with depth?