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Getting Started: Defining Sex and Gender
Traditionally, the word sex was used to refer to a person's biological identity as male or female, and gender was used to refer to the person's socially constructed identity. Today, the terms are often used interchangeably. The process by which children acquire social behaviors viewed as appropriate for their sex (or gender) is referred to as gender typing (Hines, 2015). This is a multidimensional concept: Children begin by developing gender-based beliefs that include awareness of their own gender, understanding of gender labels applied to them and to others, and knowledge of gender stereotypes. Early in life, children also develop a gender identity, a perception of themselves as either male or female and as having the characteristics and interests that are appropriate for their gender. After developing a gender identity, children develop gender-role preferences, or desires to possess certain gender- typed characteristics. Children's choices of toys and play partners reflect these preferences. Children also acquire the concepts of gender stability, the belief that males remain male and females remain female, and gender constancy, the belief that superficial changes in appearance or behavior do not alter one's gender. Gender stereotypes are beliefs that members of a culture hold about typical acceptable or appropriate attitudes, activities, traits, occupations, and physical appearance. Need Assignment Help?