Problem:
Skinner's view is that behavior is shaped by its consequences. Reinforcements increase the chance of a behavior recurring; punishments decrease it. Learning happens through direct interaction with the environment. Behavior is largely a product of external triggers and responses. There is less focus on internal mental states or thoughts. Skinner believes that the environment controls behavior to a large degree. Bandura adds to the behaviorist viewpoint by arguing that people can learn through observing, imitating, and modeling without necessarily having direct reinforcement themselves. Bandura introduces internal cognitive processes and self-efficacy as important mediators of what is learned and whether behaviors are executed. There is also the idea of reciprocal determinism, meaning that behavior, cognition/personal factors, and environment all influence each other.
A huge part of who we are and what we do is shaped by our environment - directly and indirectly. From Skinner's viewpoint, many behaviors, habits, preferences, fears, or likes/dislikes can be traced to past consequences: what was rewarded, punished, and ignored. For example, if someone grows up in a family where academic accomplishment is rewarded, they may be more likely to value education and behave accordingly. Bandura's theory widens the lens. We also pick up behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions by watching others, even if we never experienced the consequences ourselves. The Bobo Doll Experiment shows children imitating aggressive behavior after watching an adult model. They do not need to be reinforced themselves to learn that behavior.
Yes, absolutely, a part of our personality is learned. Personality traits include many that stem from learned, modeled, and reinforced behavior. Here are some examples from my personal life:
Communication Style / Conflict Response: Growing up, my parents tended to avoid conflict and keep conversations very calm. One parent was praised when they remained calm and avoided shouting. The other was often criticized if they raised their voice. Observing that, over time, I learned to avoid raising my voice and to phrase things gently, even if I am upset. That is observational learning + reinforcement. Fewer arguments, acknowledgement, and praise positively reinforced calm speech.
Work Ethic / Study Habits: I had a teacher who rewarded students who consistently did high-quality work and turned in assignments early. I watched peers who got that praise and recognition, and I wanted it, so I tried to adopt similar habits (i.e., planning ahead, reviewing my work, paying attention to detail, etc.). My belief in being capable grew when I got good feedback, which led to more perseverance. Need Assignment Help?
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