How health and illness are social constructions


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A sociological understanding emphasizes the influence of people's social backgrounds on the quality of their health and health care. A society's culture and social structure also affect health and health care. The functionalist approach emphasizes that good health and effective health care are essential for a society's ability to function, and it views the physician-patient relationship as hierarchical. The conflict approach emphasizes inequality in the quality of health and in the quality of health care. The interactionist approach emphasizes that health and illness are social constructions; physical and mental conditions have little or no objective reality but instead are considered healthy or ill conditions only if they are defined as such by a society and its members.

1. Think of the last time you visited a physician or another health-care professional.

a. In what ways did this person come across as an authority figure possessing medical knowledge?

b. In formulating your answer, think about the person's clothing, body position and body language, and other aspects of nonverbal communication.

2 In thinking about the health problems of individuals from low-income backgrounds, some people blame lack of access to adequate health care for these problems, while other people blame unhealthy lifestyles practiced by low-income individuals. Where do you stand on this debate?

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