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Geographic information system software (GIS) clusters crime and geographic data, then take the collected data and stores, manipulates, analyzes, and displays corresponding intelligence to generate maps, reports, and support operations in that specified area (USDOI). Through this process, assessments can be made based on temporal, spatial, and sociodemographic characteristics. This software acts as a middleman easing the complexity of investigating, resource management, and developmental planning. This process can be further categorized into GIS data types vector data and raster data. Vector data includes spatial features and attributes surrounding the data. Raster data are stored, electronic images such as satellite or aerial pictures. Through spatial features and image data, analysis requires less hypothetical thinking. An analyst can determine trends based on the collected spatial information, such as terrain features, and make inferences on a crimes committed or a threat level through image analysis of surrounding buildings, people, cars, etc.
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