How do sigma factors allow for modulation of gene expression


Problem:

Question 1: How do sigma factors allow for the modulation of gene expression? What two common ways discussed in lecture can sigma factor activity/expression undergo modulation?

Question 2: How can an electron carrier such as NADH, NADPH, or FADH2 serve to couple redox reactions?

Question 3: Why is the reduction potential (E0') of reactants involved in redox reactions important from a metabolic standpoint?

Question 4: From a metabolic reaction standpoint, why are redox reactions important?

Question 5: Following glycolysis, the presence/absence of oxygen determines the next metabolic step. In the presence of oxygen what happens to the pyruvate molecule? In the absence of oxygen?

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Biology: How do sigma factors allow for modulation of gene expression
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