QUESTION1. What evidence exists to suggest that Homo erectus wore some sort of clothing?
There are drawings of Homo erectus wearing clothes.
Clothes have been found in the archaeological record.
Their tools are similar to hide-processing tools used by modern people.
It was too cold throughout their range to survive without clothing.
QUESTION 2. Why did North American agriculturalists switch to a dependence on corn?
Corn is nutritionally superior to other crops.
Corn is easier to harvest and store than many other crops.
Corn has a particularly high yield per acre of farmland.
Corn is more delicious than other crops known at the time.
QUESTION 3. What is the advantage of a pit house?
They are nearly invisible to passersby and therefore offer extra protection.
They are easy to take down, move to another site, and rebuild.
They are among the most inexpensive types of houses to build.
They retain heat longer than houses built above the ground.
QUESTION 4. Archaeologists speak of domestication only when there is evidence that plants and animals show a __________ wild plants and animals.
modification from
similarity to
relationship with
resemblance to
QUESTION 5. Why we do still not know when human language emerged?
There is so much archaeological evidence that it is hard to put it all together.
It is a difficult topic to explore archaeologically.
Anthropologists are not very interested in this topic.
Language originated in a common ancestor, which we have not yet identified.
QUESTION 6. Why are many anthropologists interested in the reasons ancient civilizations collapsed?
Anthropologists like to study "failures."
Knowing about the decline of states in the past may help us preserve our own.
They show which political system is the most successful over time.
The decline of ancient civilizations supports our modern notion of cultural evolution.
QUESTION 7. Who are the Denisovans?
a hybrid group of H. antecessor and H. sapiens
an isolated population of late Homo erectus
a recently discovered hominin species
a population descended from H. neandertalensis
QUESTION 8. Why does health often suffer in cities?
There is less available medical care in cities.
The high population allows infectious diseases to flourish.
There is less food available for city dwellers.
Cities are too clean and sterile for healthy bacteria to grow.
QUESTION 9. How do we know that Paleo-Indians hunted mammoths?
The Paleo-Indians painted caves with artistic depictions of mammoths.
One mammoth skeleton was found with multiple projectile points in it.
Chemical analysis of their teeth indicates that mammoth meat was a part of their diet.
They had religious rituals involving the mammoth spirit.
QUESTION 10. A 9,300-year-old skeleton known as Kennewick Man was the subject of a long legal battle involving the ownership of Native American remains. With which group of people would Kennewick Man most likely be associated?
Cro-Magnon
Maglemosians
Later Stone Age
Paleo-Indians
QUESTION 11. Most paleoanthropologists agree that __________ evolved into H. sapiens.
H. erectus
H. habilis
H. neandertalensis
H. rudolfensis
QUESTION 12. By about __________ B.C., archaeologists had found most of the major characteristics of civilizations.
4500
3500
5500
2500
QUESTION 13. The Y chromosome research suggests that the most recent ancestor lived about __________ than the date determined by mtDNA.
100,000 years earlier
100,000 years later
50,000 years later
50,000 years earlier
QUESTION 14. At __________, a stack of seven bear skulls was found with evidence of Neandertal habitation.
Drachenloch cave
Shanidar
Le Moustier
Klasies River
QUESTION 15. A major reason for the decline of states appears to be __________.
environmental degradation
a love of the simple life
a return to fundamental values
hedonism
QUESTION 16. The threats of famine and disease are __________ intensive agriculture.
less likely with
more likely with
unrelated to
unknown after
QUESTION 17. The widening of the female pelvis is related to what other anatomical feature?
bigger-brained babies
decreased cranial capacity
reduction of the teeth and jaws
shorter arms
QUESTION 18. Where would you be most likely to find Clovis points?
the Andean highlands
the Caribbean
Central America
the Midwest
QUESTION 19. Which modern type of home best approximates the homes in the city of Teotihuacán?
a country estate
a suburban house
a mobile home
an apartment block
QUESTION 20. The subjects of European cave paintings are mostly __________.
animals
landscapes
people
fruit
QUESTION 21. If you were digging at Olduvai Gorge, where would you expect to find Oldowan tool assemblages?
in the lowest, oldest layers
scattered throughout the middle layers
only on the northern ridge of the gorge
jumbled on the surface layer of the gorge
QUESTION 22. Cro-Magnon first appeared in Europe about __________ years ago.
35,000
65,000
45,000
75,000
QUESTION 23. What is unique about the bodies of Homo floresiensis?
their legs were adapted for leaping
they were not fully bipedal
they had unusually small brains
they were tiny
QUESTION 24. Where would you expect to find an Acheulian camp site?
on an isolated ridge
in a rocky quarry
near a water source
in open grassland
QUESTION 25. Y chromosome evidence traces descent from __________.
adoptive parents
females only
both males and females
males only
QUESTION 26. What evidence at Shanidar suggests that the find was a deliberate burial?
Fossilized pollen was found around and on top of the man's body.
The body was buried along with other members of the family.
There were grave goods buried along with the body.
The bones had been moved and reburied.
QUESTION 27. The earliest city-state in Mesoamerica was probably __________.
Teotihuacán
Monte Albán
Cahokia
Oaxaca
QUESTION 28. The earliest identifiable stone tools from East Africa date from about __________ million years ago.
2.5
4.5
3.5
5.5
QUESTION 29. Where were bananas probably first domesticated?
Iraq
Costa Rica
New Guinea
Tanzania
QUESTION 30. How do domesticated plants get to be different from their wild varieties?
Certain variations are artificially selected through the harvesting and planting process.
Wild varieties die quickly in a garden, leaving only the domesticated ones.
People deliberately took only the biggest and best foods when gathering.
Different domesticated plants are cross-bred to get rid of all trades of the wild species.
QUESTION 31. What evidence is there for a more sedentary lifestyle among the Upper Paleolithic peoples of East Asia?
Many of the cave sites were occupied for long periods of time.
There were no herds of animals to follow on annual migrations.
The climate was much colder in Asia than in Africa during this period.
Most of the archaeological sites are located in caves or rock shelters.
QUESTION 32. During the Upper Paleolithic the world experienced the last ice age. At this time, the world's temperature was __________.
no different than today's temperature
as much as 50°F lower than today's temperature
incredibly variable
as much as 10°F warmer than today's temperature
QUESTION 33. Homo erectus dates from __________ million years ago.
1.8
3.8
2.8
4.8
QUESTION 34. Only __________ fossils have been found in North and South America.
Homo habilis
Homo neandertalensis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
QUESTION 35. The date of domestication in mainland Southeast Asia appears to be __________.
much later than that of the Near East
comparable to that of the Near East
comparable to that of Mesoamerica
much later than that of Mesoamerica
QUESTION 36. What does the degree of variation in modern human mtDNA suggest?
Humans and chimpanzees diverged much more recently than expected.
Humans can be divided into at least three distinct species.
We all share relatively recent common ancestry.
We are all descendants of Ice Age European populations.
QUESTION 37. Why do the authors believe that Homo erectus may have had some form of marriage?
Homo sapiens mothers probably could not feed themselves and an infant at the same time, so required help from a mate.
The fossil evidence shows that Homo erectus buried their dead, usually in male-female pairs.
The archaeological record indicates housing arrangements that would be suitable for married couples.
The degree of sexual dimorphism suggests polygamous mating systems.
QUESTION 38. Where would you go to participate in a dig at the site of the ancient state of Axum?
Ethiopia
Sudan
South Africa
Nigeria
QUESTION 39. How do cities relate to a society's agricultural production?
Cities can arise in areas not suited to agriculture but suited to trade.
Cities do not require intensive agriculture, but do require domestication of plants and animals.
Successful cities have developed alongside all known types of subsistence economies.
Cities can only develop on land that is suitable for complex agriculture.
QUESTION 40. Homo erectus fossils were first discovered by __________.
Eugene Dubois
Mary Leakey
G. H. R. von Koenigswald
Raymond Dart
QUESTION 41. How did a shift to a more sedentary lifestyle and reliance on grains affect the Natufians' health?
They had a more diverse diet with better vitamin content.
They grew an average of 2 inches taller than previous generations.
Their birth rate declined.
They suffered nutritional deficiency, as shown by their teeth.
QUESTION 42. How do cuneiform and hieroglyphics differ?
Cuneiform was used by everyday people, whereas hieroglyphics were used by priests.
Cuneiform is much more ancient than hieroglyphics.
Cuneiform was marked on clay, and hieroglyphics were written on papyrus.
Cuneiform is a more advanced form of writing than hieroglyphics.
QUESTION 43. The population of the world seems to have increased dramatically as a result of people __________.
moving inland away from water
eating more meat
moving around from site to site
settling down
QUESTION 44. The wild grass teosinte led to today's domesticated __________.
barley
maize
wheat
rice
QUESTION 45. What is the currently accepted scientific name of the Neandertals?
Homo heidelbergensis
Homo sapiens neandertalensis
Homo neandertalensis
Homo ergaster
QUESTION 46. Which of these modern nations falls within what archaeologists call the Fertile Crescent?
Morocco
Tunisia
Syria
Libya