While daytime talk shows of the late 1980s/early 1990s, hosted by women such as Sally Jesse Raphael and Oprah Winfrey, were strongly criticized by conservatives for promoting “polymorphous perversity,” Hilmes notes that scholars argue the programs were successful because:
a. They allowed for and encouraged audience participation
b. They allowed for discussion of topics important to women, such as rape, which were usually treated as taboo on television
c. They continued the work of the women’s and civil rights movements, by linking the personal and political
d. All of the above