1) Evaporation and Bypass in Orange Juice Concentration. In a process for concentrating 1000 kg of freshly extracted orange juice containing 12.5wt% solids, the juice is strained; yield 800kg of strained juice and200kg of pulpy juice. The strained juice is concentrated in a vacuum evaporator to give an evaporated juice of 58% solids.
The 200kg of pulpy juice is bypassed around the evaporator and mixed with the evaporated juice in a mixer to improve the falvor. This final concentrated juice contains 42wt% solids. Calculate the concentration of solids in the pulpy juice, the kg of final concentrated juice , and the concentration of solids in the pulpy juice bypassed. (Hint: First, make a total balance and then a solids balance on the overall process. Next, male a balance on the evaporator. Finally, make a balance on the mixer.)
2) Heating and vaporization using steam tables. A flow rate of 1000 kg/h of water at 21.2C is heated to 110C when the total pressure is 244.2KPA in the first stage of a process. In the second stage at the same pressure the water is heated further, until it is all vaporized at its boiling point. Calculate the total enthaply change in the first stage and in both stages.