Gutta percha removal:
Poorly condensed GP or single cone technique,
- Hedstrom hand files.
- Barded broaches.
The well condenced GP:
- Rotary files;
- Ultrasonic instruments.
- Heat softened methods.
- Hand files with heat or chemicals.
- Paper points with chemicals.
Combination of methods is generally required: this provides safe, efficient, and potentially complete elimination of gutta-percha and sealer from the internal anatomy of the root canal system.