Problem: Reply to the post with 2 different references
The biological factors that influence psychopathology go beyond the regularities of neurotransmitters and their imbalances.
Purpose: The network perspective of psychopathology proposes that mental disorders arise from dynamic interactions between psychopathology-related variables (Jover et al., 2026). The neurotransmitters that are included are serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA, and dopamine. The imbalances of these neurotransmitters within a certain location of the brain can contribute to anxiety, depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, and ADHD. As an PMHNP the understanding of these biological differences helps to determine an accurate diagnosis for the patient and the correct care plan that may include cognitive behavioral therapy, psychopharmacology management.
The genetic development and the overall neurological system functioning are a huge factor. Heritability in psychiatric and depressive disorders play a significant role. The type of gene environment influences the mutation interactions which then determine the sensitive of the environmental stressors surrounding the gene. This influences the type and severity of the mental health disorder the patient may develop.
On the other hand the psychological factors include behavioral patterns, cognitive impairments, the inability to regulate emotions, and possible developmental delays. Past trauma experiences is another factor that may alter a patient psychopathology and their coping mechanisms. As a child their experiences good or bad shape a persons thought process and beliefs, which then determines how the brain reacts to certain events Davis a & Anderson, (2023) stated, Considering the connection between personality psychopathology and self-harm, psychological pain may enhance self-harm risk. In theory this is an example of how a patients thought process can contribute to their symptom maintenance.
The social, cultural, and interpersonal factors decipher if the there will be an influence of an illness in the patient. The social determinants of their home environment, income, access to healthcare with insurance, and violence may increase the stress in the patient. The longevity of the stress occurring may contribute to the patient developing anxiety and possibly depression. The patients cultural beliefs can determine if they are seen by medical staff base don their symptoms, if they agree to psychopharmacology management, or if they determine it as a religious downfall. Being diagnosed with a mental illness could be looked down upon and may delay them from seeking adequate help. The PMHNP must be familiar with common cultural practices so that they will know how to approach the patient in a respectful manner. Interpersonal relationships greatly influence the maintenance of psychopathology. Childhood abuse or trauma and insecurities can play a role in developing mood and personality disorders. A strong social support from family and friends help to maintain and treat their diagnosis and to help better understand their feelings and their emotional background. Characterizing these interpersonal processes forms a critical underpinning to understanding and treating psychopathology, particularly in disorders where deficits in social functioning do not emerge as a secondary symptom but rather as an essential feature of the disorder (Fatal et al., 2025). The PMHNP should emphasize the importance of symptom management while incorporating education on including the social, cultural, and interpersonal determinants in their plan of care. Need Assignment Help?
References:
Jover Martínez, A., J. Waldorp, L., H. J. M. Lemmens, L., I. Fried, E., & Roefs, A. (2026). Robustness, generalizability, and heterogeneity of dynamic networks of psychopathology. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
Davis, K. C., & Anderson, J. L. (2023). Psychological Pain: A Moderating Factor between Personality Psychopathology and Self-Harm. Journal of American College Health, 71(5), 1436-1444.
Fattal, J., McAdams, D. P., & Mittal, V. A. (2025). Interpersonal synchronization: An overlooked factor in development, social cognition, and psychopathology. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 170