Game Theory
Game theory was developed for the purpose of analyzing competitive situation involving conflicting interests. In game theory, there are assumed to be two or more persons with different objectives, each of whole action influences, but does not completely determine the outcome of the game. Each person is assumed to know his opponents objectives. Game theory provides solutions to such games assuming that each of the players is to maximize his minimum expected profit or minimize his maximum expected loss. This criterion (which is based on a conservative view of the problem) is referred to as Minima or maximum criterion.