For thenbspknbspuser cdma system employing lmse receivers

Question

For the k user CDMA system employing LMSE receivers in Problem 9.4.7, it is still necessary for a receiver to make decisions on what bits were transmitted. Based on the LMSE estimate  , the bit decision rule for user i is  = sgn (  ) Following the approach in Problem 8.4.6, construct a simulation to estimate the BER for a system with processing gain n = 32, with each user operating at 6dB SNR. Graph your results as a function of the number of users k for k = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. Make sure to average your results over the choice of code vectors Si.

Problem 9.4.7

In the CDMA multiuser communications system introduced in Problem 8.3.9, each user i transmits an independent data bit Xi such that the vector X = [X₁ ··· X_n] has iid components with PX_i(1) = PX_i(-1) = 1/2. The received signal is

Where N is a Gaussian (0, σ²I) noise vector

(a) Based on the observation Y, find the LMSE estimate Xˆi(Y) = _iY of X_i.

(b) Let

Denote the vector of LMSE bits estimates for users 1,..., k. Show that

Problem 8.3.9

In a code division multiple access (CDMA) communications system, k users share a radio channel using a set of n-dimensional code vectors {S₁,..., S_k} to distinguish their signals. The dimensionality factor n is known as the processing gain. Each user i transmits independent data bits Xi such that the vector X = [X₁ ··· X_n] has iid components with PX_i(1) = PX_i(-1) = 1/2. The received signal is

Where N is a Gaussian (0, σ²I) noise vector From the observation Y, the receiver performs a multiple hypothesis test to decode the data bit vector X.

(a) Show that in terms of vectors,

(b) Given Y = y, show that the MAP and ML detectors for X are the same and are given by

Where Bn is the set of all n dimensional vectors with ±1 elements

(c) How many hypotheses does the ML detector need to evaluate?