A reducer is to be used to attach a (D1 = ) 400-mm diameter pipe to a (D2 = ) 300-mm diameter pipe. For any flowrate, the pressures in the pipes upstream and downstream of the reducer are expected to be related by using Bernoulli's equation where p1 and p2 are the upstream and downstream pressures and V1 and V2 are the upstream and downstream velocities. Estimate the force R on the reducer when water flows through the reducer at Q = 200 l/s and the upstream pressure p1 is 400 kPa.