1. Outline what is meant by "tort of negligence" and give an example of how this may apply in:
A: Commercial Shipping and,
B: To you as a surveyor.
2. A claimant may sue for damages for both breach of contract and tort of negligence.
A: Explain how the measure of damage applies in each of these cases under English Law.
B: Explain why English Law is commonly used in such cases.
3. Explain the concept of "agony of the moment" and provide a scenario (actual or fictitious) which demonstrates this concept.
4. Outline the role of the Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs.
5. State five benefits for a ship owner / ship manager of belonging to a P&I club.
6. Explain the following terms and how they relate to the P&I clubs:
A. General average
B. Free reserves
C. Wreck removal
7. Provide a definition for the term "seaworthy" and list ten items which you would survey or review in order to confirm that a vessel could be considered to be in a seaworthy condition.
Provide one typical defect which you may find for each item you list.