Find the equilibrium - to reduce the sale of cigarettes to

Question

Problem Set 4

Problem 1

Suppose that supply and demand for packs of cigarettes can be represented as:

p =  (3/20)(q)

p = (-1/20)(q) + 4

p: price, dollars per pack

q: millions of packs

a) Find the equilibrium.

Now, suppose that the government wants to reduce the sale of packs of cigarettes to 10 million packs. One suggestion is to impose an excise tax.

b) To reduce the sale of cigarettes to 10 million packs, how large will the excise tax need to be?

c) Using the tax in (b), calculate the following:

            c.1) The Total Tax Revenue.

            c.2) The Deadweight Loss.

            c.3) The Consumer and Producer Surplus (after the tax)

Problem 2

Point Elasticity (PE):

E^d = (%ΔQ^d)/( %ΔP) = [(Q₂-Q₁)/Q₁]/[(P₂-P₁)/P₁] = [(Q₂-Q₁)/Q₁]*[P₁/(P₂-P₁)] =

= [(Q₂-Q₁)/(P₂-P₁)]* [P₁/Q₁] = [1/Slope]*[P₁/Q₁]

Arc Elasticity (AE):

E^d = {ΔQ^d/[(Q^d₁+Q^d₂)/2]}/{ΔP/[(P₁+P₂)/2]} = [(Q₂-Q₁)/(Q₂+Q₁)]/[(P₂-P₁)/(P₂+P₁)]

The following table shows six point from this demand p = -1q^d + 5

Complete it and explain the differences between Point Elasticity and Arc Elasticity.

	Q	P	(*)	Point Elasticity	(*)	Point Elasticity		Arc Elasticity		Arc Elasticity
A	0	5			From B to A				From B to A
B	1	4			From C to B		From A to B		From C to B
C	2	3	From B to C		From D to C		From B to C		From D to C
D	3	2	From C to D		From E to D		From C to D		From E to D
E	4	1	From D to E				From D to E		From F to E
F	5	0	From E to F				From E to F
(*) First point given is (Q1, P1): e.g. from B to C, the coordinates of point B=(1,4)=(Q1, P1)

Problem 3

Suppose that apples' supply and demand can be represented as:

p =  q

p = -2q + 15

p: price, dollars per pound

q: millions of pounds

a) Find the equilibrium.

b) Find the Total Revenue of the farmers.

Part I

Now, suppose that Congress will discuss this week how to increase the Total Revenue of farmers. One of the Congressional proposals is to enact a price floor.

Suppose the price floor is set at a price equal to $1 more per unit than the equilibrium price that you found in part a).

c) How will the quantity demanded respond to this increase?

d) Compare the percentage change in the quantity demanded to the percentage change in the price of the good in absolute value terms. Is the demand curve elastic or inelastic at this point?

e) Find the Total Revenue of the farmers.

Part II

Now, suppose that the equilibrium point is:

(q=15/4, p=15/2)

Again, suppose that Congress will discuss this week how to increase the Total Revenue of farmers. A Congressional proposal is to enact a price floor equal to $1 more per unit than the new equilibrium price of $ 15/2.

f) Using the original demand curve, how will the quantity demanded respond to this increase?

g) What happens to the total revenue of farmers with this policy? Explain the relationship between your answer and demand elasticity.

Part III

Now, suppose that the equilibrium point is:

(q=13/4, p=17/2)

Again, suppose that Congress will discuss this week how to increase the Total Revenue of farmers. A Congressional proposal is to enact a price floor equal to $1 more per unit than the new equilibrium price of $ 17/2.

h) How will the quantity demanded respond to this increase?

i) What happens to the total revenue of farmers with this policy? Explain the relationship between your answer and demand elasticity.

j) Compare Part I and Part III.

Why are the results of the suggested policies so different? I.e., in Part I Total Revenue goes up and in Part III the Total Revenue goes down.