Financial Economies:
These are benefits obtained by large firms as a result of contracting credit from financial institutions at lower interest rates than smaller firms. The fact is that the large firms can provide collateral securities for such loans and their mere sizes alone make them credit-worthy as compared to smaller firms. In addition to borrowing from financial institutions, large firms can easily float shares in the stock market. At times suppliers of materials to large firms may give them out on credit. This is a sort of pre-financing of the firm’s activity. All these advantages lead to the lower per unit cost of output produced.