1. Failure of the experimenter to control some extraneous variable may result in a(n)
A) state of confusion.
B) confound.
C) conflict.
D) interaction.
2. Madison wants to examine the effect of a defendant’s appearance on judgment of guilt for a crime. She has participants read an identical account of a crime except for the defendant’s appearance. A group of high school students receive a description of an attractive defendant while a group of senior citizens receive a description of an unattractive defendant. Both groups are then asked to rate the defendant’s guilt on a 7-point scale. A major confound in Madison’s experiment is
A) the manipulation of appearance.
B) the measure of guilt.
C) the description of the crime.
D) the age of the participants.
3. When a confounding variable is present in an experiment, one cannot tell whether the results were due to the
A) independent variable or the dependent variable.
B) independent variable or the confounding variable.
C) dependent variable or the interval variable.
D) dependent variable or the participant variable.
4. A researcher wants to find out whether gross motor coordination is better in the morning or in the afternoon. To measure coordination, participants balance a book on their heads first in the morning and then in the afternoon. What is confounded with the independent variable?
A) Practice is confounded with the time of day.
B) ractice is confounded with participants.
C) The participants aren't matched.
D) All of these.