1. According to Milgram, what are/is the main reason(s) that ordinary people comply with orders to harm others?
a. Ordinary people may harbor aggressive impulses, and find relief in expressing them.
b. Ordinary people may lack the resources to stand up to an authority
c. Ordinary people are fundamentally weak.
d. All of the above
2. Factors contributing to nonconformity include _______________.
a. the perception of a need for intervention or help
b. the presence of allies
c. entrapment
d. All of the above
3. What factors tend to reduce prejudice toward a target group?
a. Interdependence—having to work with members of the target group to achieve some common goal.
b. Contact—having opportunities to interact with members of a target group
c. Equal status and opportunities for one’s own group and the target group
d. All of the above
4. Pam is Catholic, and she recognizes lots of differences among the Catholics she knows. However, she tends to regard atheists as “all alike.” This is an example of:
a. Deinviduation
b. Groupthink
c. Double-standard thinking
d. Out-group homogeneity bias
5. Explanations of people’s behavior such as, “She must be having a rough day,” or “He must just be trying to impress somebody,” are examples of:
a. situational attributions
b. dispositional attributions
c. cultural attributions
d. stereotypical attributions
6. The Greek military police at one time used torture as a way of obtaining information from prisoners. A study of men who became torturers found that the military police used a certain procedure to gradually “train” them to become torturers. The procedure involved first having the “trainee” stand guard outside the room where torture occurred, then stand guard inside the room, and then become more and more active in directly harming the prisoners. This progression is an example of:
a. deindividuation
b. allocation of responsibility to the authority figure
c. entrapment
d. investment