Expression for critical frequency of the ionized region


1) Describe about ionosphere in details.

2) Describe space wave propagation and sky wave propagation in detail.

3) Describe the ground wave propagation in detail.

4) Describe the effects of earth’s magnetic field on ionosphere radio wave Propagation in detail.

5) Explain the troposphere and describe in detail how ducts can be used for Microwave propagation.

6) Describe the diversity reception methods in details?

7) Describe the advantages of Troposphere wave propagation and sky wave propagation.

8) Derive the expression for critical frequency of the ionized region in terms of its maximum ionization density?

9) Deduce the expression for refractive index of an ionosphere in terms of electron number density and frequency?

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Electrical Engineering: Expression for critical frequency of the ionized region
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