Problem:
How can I make notes with bullet points in this paragraph?
Learning Perspective The learning perspective is useful for explaining individual differences in emotional expression. The frequency with which children smile and laugh is related to their caregivers' behavior (Denham et al., 2007). When parents respond with enthusiasm to their infant's smiles, it encourages the infant to smile more; this has been verified in studies showing that when adults respond to a baby's smiles with positive stimulation, the baby's rate of smiling increases (Rovee-Collier, 1999; Rovee-Collier et al., 2001). Learning experiences can also reinforce children's fear responses (Denham et al., 2007). Children can become classically conditioned to fear the doctor who gives a painful shot during their office visit. They can also acquire fear through operant conditioning, for example, when an adverse consequence, such as a painful fall, follows climbing up a high ladder. Children learn still other fears simply by observing other people's reactions (Bandura, 1986). For example, if they see their mother jump and scream when she spies a spider, they may fear spiders. In all of these cases, the frequency and circumstances of children's expressions of positive and negative emotions have been modified by the environment. Need Assignment Help?