Explaining concept and utility of lorentz transformations

Question

Question 1) What do you mean by X-rays? How are they produced?

Question 2)(a) Draw energy level diagram and explain working of He-Ne Laser.

(b) Explain the concept of Holography?

Question 3)(a) Determine the core radius necessary for single mode operation at 800 nm in step index fibre with n_l= 1.48 and n₂ = 1.47. Also determine the Numerical Aperture and maximum acceptance angle.

(b) What do you mean by Material dispersion?

Question 4)(a) Explain the concept and utility of Lorentz transformations.

(b) What do you understand by simultaneity in relativity?

Question 5)(a) Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of a proton whose kinetic energy is equal to the rest energy of an electron. Mass of proton is 1840 times that of the electron.

(b) What do you understand by normalization of a wave function?

Question 6)(a) Write down advantages of synthesizing nano materials?

(b) Synthesis of nanotubes is a challenge. Explain in detail.