(a) Molecule X receives excitation as well as emits fluorescence. If the excitation wavelength is 320 nm, which of the subsequent could be the emission wavelength 270 nm, 290 nm, 320 nm, 350nm? Explain your result.
(b) Explain how the subsequent factors affect fluorescence quantum efficiency: rising structural rigidity, decreasing temperature, increasing sample concentration.
(c) Explain which method is more sensitive fluorescence or absorption spectroscopy? Explain your result.
(d) Define the difference between fluorescence and phosphorescence.