1. Explain the researcher's dilemma in deciding whether to use forced-choice rating scales or unforced-choice rating scales? What types of tactics can researchers use to minimize participant tendencies to avoid extreme judgments or choose extreme positions on a scale?
2. What are the three types of questions that can be used when multiple responses to a single question are desired from the respondent? Explain each type of question and cite examples.
3. What are the steps in drafting and refining a survey instrument? Explain the meaning of pretesting and why instrument designers should pretest questionnaires prior to using them in a study. Use your pilot study to illustrate the lessons learned.
4. Explain the rationale for sampling rather than using a census for every study. Discuss the difference between a probability sample and a non-probability sample. Which one is preferred by researchers? Explain.