Prepare an essay of length 1400 – 1800 words (excluding abstract and references) in which you ?Investigate and explain the concept of “whole-of-life costs” of engineered products, services and infrastructure.? Outline the benefits to consumers, society and the environment if these costs can be reduced. ?Illustrate your answer by describing a case study, relevant to your engineering discipline, in which the engineering design of a product, service or infrastructure has successfully reduced its whole-of-life costs.
The essay must include evidence of research into the topic.
Make sure that you use high quality reference material to provide sound evidence in support of the arguments put forward in your essay. In particular, check for the existence of relevant national or international standards. Be very circumspect about using material gained from the internet.
Quotations must be used correctly, and references must be cited within the essay and listed in full detail at the end of the essay Where appropriate, indicate how the reduction of whole-of-life costs is consistent with ethical or sustainable engineering practices so please findarticles and paraphrase the key points from them, to support your discussion of the concept of whole-of-life costs, and how that might be determined in practice. In describing the case study, discuss cost and other related issues (eg re-use of materials, operational costs such as energy) at each stage of a product’s life. write any reference u used even if it more than 5 or less.