Problem
Explain the following terms associated with fast and efficient synchronization schemes on a shared-memory multiprocessor:
(a) Busy-wait versus sleep-wait protocols for sole access of a critical section.
(b) Fairness policies for reviving one of the suspended processes waiting in a queue.
(c) Lock mechanisms for pre-synchronization to achieve sole access to a critical section. Optimistic concurrency or the post-synchronization method. Server synchronization and the corresponding synchronization environment.