Problem
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) was developed as an invention for individuals immediately following a trauma. It was later expanded to Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) following some debate over the effectiveness of debriefing. Compare and discuss the critical differences between CISD and CISM. Using the case study, explain how you would employ either CISD and CISM.
Case Study: Janacia (age 28) was driving in Houston with her two children, Jacob age 2 and Jesse age 4. Both children were secured in car seats in the back of the vehicle as they drove the freeway. Janacia heard her phone ring and reached to get it from the front seat. When she looked back at the road, she had veered slightly to the shoulder where a stalled 18-wheeler was parked. Janacia hit the stationary truck at more than 65 miles per hour. During the impact, Jesse's carseat was ejected from the car, flew into moving traffic, where the child was struck and killed immediately. Janacia was conscious during the accident and witnessed the other automobile hitting the ejected carseat. Janacia and Jacob both survived the crash with only minor injuries.