A. Definition/Comparison Questions
Instructions: In your own words, define the pairs of terms given below. Write in complete sentences, stating the differences and relationships between the two terms, and give specific examples where appropriate. A complete answer usually requires four to eight sentences.
1. centriole / kinetochor
2. cleavage furrow / cell plate
3. allele / locus
4. RNA primer / DNA polymerase
5. guanine / cytosine
6. translation / anticodon
7. operator / promoter
8. conjugation / transformation
9. RFLPs / Southern blot analysis
10.pleiotropy / polygenic inheritance
B. Short Answer/Short Essay Questions
Instructions: Answer each of the questions given below in your own words. Write in complete sentences where appropriate. A complete answer usually requires one to two sentences per mark, so a three-mark question would be answered in three to six sentences.
1. Explain how CDKs regulate cell division.
2. Explain the role of transposable elements in eukaryotes.
3. Using the following DNA template strand sequence, answer the
a. What is the mRNA sequence?
b. What is the final sequence of amino acids in the peptide produced?
c. If the sequence is mutated so that adenine at position 11 is replaced with uracil, how will the peptide be affected? What kind of a mutation is this?
4. a. What is an operon?
b. How do inducible operons (e.g., the lactose operon) and repressible operons (e.g., the tryptophan operon) benefit a bacterial cell?
5. Explain the possible role of telomerase in cellular aging and in cancer formation.
6. a. Draw a diagram to show what could happen during meiosis that would result in an egg with two X chromosomes.
b. If this egg is fertilized and develops, what are the possible karyotypes of the offspring?
7. A female yellow Labrador retriever homozygous for coat colour (bbee) is mated with a male black lab. They have two chocolate puppies, three black puppies and one yellow puppy. What is the genotype of the father? Use Punnett squares to show your reasoning.
8. What is a proteome, and why is it studied in addition to (or instead of) the genome?
C. Multiple Choice Questions
Instructions: Select the single best answer to each of the questions given below. Each question is worth one mark, for a total of 30 marks.
1. A zygote contains the ________ complement of chromosomes.
2. How is the nucleoid of a bacterial cell replicated?
3. Some cats have calico coats. These result from
4. A male human with normal vision is mated with a colour blind woman. If they have children together, what is the probability that they will have a colour blind daughter?
5. Which of the following is NOT correct about bacterial conjugation?
6. In generalized transduction, a bacterium obtains DNA from a virus as a result of a lytic cycle. The bacterium will
7. A repressible operon is usually controlled by
8. A karyotype reveals that an individual is XYY. Based on your knowledge of human genetics, you conclude that this individual is phenotypically
9. Translocation occurs when
10.In a plant cell, cytokinesis begins with the formation of
11.In a human cell at prophase I, there are ________ tetrads.
12.In which phase are chromosomes least condensed?
13.Translation is the process whereby the ________ moves in order to place the tRNA bound to the growing polypeptide chain in the ________ site, thereby freeing the ________ site for a new aminoacyl-tRNA.
14.Which of the following statements about DNA is FALSE?
15.Binary fission occurs when
16."Sticky ends" are
17.Enzymes called ________ form breaks in DNA molecules to prevent overtwisting in the DNA helix during replication.
18.What is the probability that two lizards that are heterozygous for striped tails (Ss) will produce an offspring that is homozygous for no stripes (ss) on its tail?
19.Crossing over occurs in which phase of mitosis?
20.Genes that encode proteins that are always needed are called
21.A polyribosome is
22.Which of the following statements concerning the cell cycle is FALSE?
23.How does the first nucleotide at the 5' end of a new mRNA chain differ from the other nucleotides in the chain?
24.A chromosome has the genes U, V, W, and X. They have been shown to have the following crossover frequencies: U and V: 2%; U and W: 9%; U and X: 7%; V and W: 7%; V and X: 5%; and W and X: 2%. What is the sequence of the genes on the chromosome?
25.Why does DNA synthesis only proceed in the 5' to 3' direction?
26.Which of the following represents the sequence of events during mitosis?
27.Random segregation refers to
28.Where is the amino-acid binding site located on the tRNA molecule?
29.During mismatch repair of DNA, the repair enzyme
30.Which of the following is TRUE regarding alternative splicing?