Problem
1. Differentiate angina from myocardial infarction with regard to its cause and the characteristics of pain associated with it.
2. Define and explain the term intermittent claudication.
3. Where is the mitral valve located? Describe the direction and type of blood (oxygenated or nonoxygenated) that flows through this valve.
4. List 2 functions of the AV node.
5. Describe the control of heart rate during and after exercise.
6. Explain 4 factors that can increase blood pressure.
7. List the compensatory mechanisms (in the correct sequence) that can help return the blood pressure to normal levels following a slight drop, such as can occur when standing too rapidly.
8. List 3 ways that systemic circulation could be impaired.
9. Describe the effect of a hot compress on the tissues to which it is applied.
10. How does vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera result in increased venous return to the heart?
11. Explain how cor pulmonale may develop.
12. Explain 2 causes of left-sided heart failure, one related to the heart and one systemic.
13. How should a patient with left-sided heart failure be positioned in a reclining chair or bed for treatment?
14. Explain why an incompetent valve reduces the efficiency of the heart contraction.
15. Would symptomatic mitral valve prolapse cause a cyanotic or acyanotic condition? Explain your reasoning.
16. Describe the possible destination of an embolus from the mitral valve.
17. State the cause of elevated blood pressure in essential hypertension.
18. Describe the long-term effects of uncontrolled hypertension.
19. What are the warning signs of a heart attack?
20. What is the emergency treatment for shock?