Explain Diagnosis of Root Perforation
1- Exploration:
- Continuous bleeding if the defect touched during cleaning and shaping lead to difficult vision.
- Difficult to dry the canal.
- Placement of paper point may increase or renew the bleeding .
2- Dental operating microscope:
- Magnification
- Illumination.
3- Radiographs: Malpositioned file out of the root canal extended to the surrounding periodontium
4- Paper points: can be use to locate the site of perforation Area of hemorrhage mapped on point indicates area where strip or perforation.
5- Electronic apex locators:
- The gradual increase in the electrical resistance obtained while negotiating an intact root canal system.
- Sudden increase in the electrical resistance that is indicative of perforation.