Explain concept of azotemia and diagnostic measures used


Discussion

This is 3 separate discussions.

i. Explain the concept of azotemia (including prerenal, renal, and postrenal), causes, and diagnostic measures used to identify each.

ii. Explain the pathophysiological differences between prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal failure? Provide at least two examples of each scenario.

iii. Spinal cord injuries carry a high risk of neurogenic bladder and reflex incontinence. Explain the mechanisms responsible for these disorders.

The response must include a reference list. One-inch margins, double-space, Using Times New Roman 12 pnt font and APA style of writing and citations.

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