explain briefly with the help of circuit diagram

Question

Explain briefly, with the help of circuit diagram, how V - I characteristics of a p-n junction diode are obtained ii

(i) forward bias, and

(ii) reverse bias.

Illustrate the shape of the curves obtained.

(b) A semiconductor has equal electron and hole concentration of 6 x 10⁸ /m³. On doping with certain impurity, electron concentration increases to 9 X10¹² /m³.

(i) Recognize the new semiconductor obtained after doping.

(ii) Calculate the new hole concentration