Assignment:
While I have lived in my home, my rent has increased every year.
My salary has remained the same for three years.
Next year, I will probably be in a better financial situation.
1. Evaluate the argument and select the option that describes it.
• Inductive, weak, uncogent
• Deductive, valid, sound
• Inductive, strong, cogent
• Deductive, invalid, unsound
2. Which of the following is NOT an example of Aristotle's notion of hylomorphism?
• The soul and a human being
• An unborn child and a human being
• Bodily organs and a human being
• A statue and a human being
3. When Crito tries to convince Socrates that he must not betray his own life, how does Socrates respond?
• He says that he is not afraid of dying and knows that his followers will restore his good name.
• He says that what is right is often misunderstood by mortals and must be left to the gods.
• He says that all life has value, but society determines the fate of man.
• He says that life would not be worth living if the principle of justice was violated.
4. Read the following statement by Socrates:
"In questions of just and unjust, fair and foul, good and evil, which are the subjects of our present consultation, ought we to follow the opinion of the many and to fear them; or the opinion of the one man who has understanding?"
Extract Socrates' argument from this text and choose the sentence that accurately reflects it.
• Absolute justice can only be achieved when the state agrees with the opinion of the masses.
• He who has experienced the administration of justice will do as the majority commands him to do.
• Any man who cares about ethics and wisdom has an obligation to listen to himself over others.
• Non-experts have opinions, but the man who is an expert in a field has true knowledge.
5. According to Socrates in the Phaedo, why might death be an advantage to the philosopher?
• Death is the ultimate distinction between knowledge and opinion.
• In life, the Social Contract requires people to behave according to the needs and wants of others.
• Only humans can seek knowledge and truth, but their ability to do so ends with death.
• Eyes, ears, and other bodily organs can distract one from the attainment of truth and knowledge.
6. In the Apology, Socrates states that a good person does what he knows to be right despite __________.
• risking fame and fortune
• the wisdom of the gods
• negative personal consequences
• the laws of man
7. Which of the following statements about the atomistic worldview is FALSE?
• All reality is composed of atoms in a void.
• Atoms come in different shapes and sizes, and can exist in a number of ways.
• A philosophical atom is the same as a chemical atom.
• Everything that exists is either an atom or a collection of atoms.
8. Which of the following statements about the metaphysical tenets of Plato's Doctrine of the Forms is FALSE?
• Perfection in the Forms does not exist in Platonic Heaven.
• Forms must exist in order for knowledge to be possible.
• The Forms exist in an intellectual realm that is fixed and never-ending.
• There is a cause and effect relationship between Forms and their earthly counterparts.
9. The value of the Socratic Method lies in showing students how to __________ on their own, rather than having it dictated to them.
• create an argument
• explain rhetoric
• gain knowledge
• evaluate an opinion
10. All of the following statements are central themes of Parmenidean metaphysics, EXCEPT:
• Complex phenomena can be explained as having been caused by the gods.
• All change is illusory.
• Reasonable assumptions can lead to paradoxes.
• This worldview transcends opinion to examine the world as it is.
11. Choose the statement that both Plato and Aristotle would agree is true.
• "Ideals are similar to mathematical objects or entities."
• "The physical sciences are a source of eternal knowledge."
• "The ideals of Beauty and Truth are not of this world."
• "A human being is 'human' because he or she reflects the Form of a Human."
12. Perhaps the most important way in which Socrates changed the course of Western philosophy was by focusing on __________.
• natural philosophy
• martyrdom
• moral philosophy
• cosmology
13. Recall the similarities and differences between Plato and Aristotle's philosophical approaches.
Select the statement that would most likely have been made by Plato, rather than by Aristotle.
• "In order to find truth, we must first identify what makes a thing what it is, its essence.
• "My ideas have served as a starting point for both philosophy and the physical sciences."
• "I teach by example and I live by what I teach, no matter the consequences."
• "My approach is scientific and empirical; we learn about truth from observation and discovery."
14. Which of the following statements about Aristotle's metaphysics is FALSE?
• For Aristotle, existence requires matter and form- not one or the other, but both.
• Aristotle defined a particular as "a this" to distinguish it from a universal.
• Aristotle's ultimate conclusion was that the nature of reality was change.
• The first philosophy for Aristotle was ontology, which examines the nature of being.
15. Which of the following is the most important tenet of Stoicism?
• To understand that reality is either good or bad
• To feed our desires
• To resist playing a role
• To let go of what we cannot control
16. Roland is a compassionate person. He sometimes gives money that he needs for himself to strangers who beg on the street.
According to Aristotle's ethics, Roland should do which of the following in order to cultivate the virtue of compassion?
• Spend time with compassionate people in order to learn the essence of compassion.
• Find other ways to help people besides giving his money away.
• Stop giving away his money so that he can focus on taking care of himself.
• Find middle ground between being too compassionate and not compassionate enough.
17. When Alan joins the military, he discovers that the philosophy of Stoicism is popular with his fellow soldiers.
All of the following describe reasons why Stoicism is a good fit for the military, EXCEPT:
• It is important for soldiers to do their jobs with skill and dispassion.
• Stoicism emphasizes personal control of emotions and actions.
• Soldiers must remain impassive to what is outside their control.
• Courage in battle is measured by the efficiency of one's actions.
18. Being a good parent is a __________ condition for having a child.
Apply conceptual analysis to this statement and choose the answer that correctly describes the relationship.
• neither necessary nor sufficient
• both necessary and sufficient
• necessary, not sufficient
• sufficient, not necessary
19. Kendra believes that women have a right to choose to have an abortion.
Select the statement that is consistent with Kendra's belief.
• "The man should have an equal say in whether or not a woman ends her pregnancy."
• "I voted for this presidential candidate because she supports a woman's right to have an abortion."
• "Every woman should be a mother; it is our function and purpose as human beings."
• "Some women use abortion as a form of birth control, which is wrong."
20. Lisa is considering whether it is morally permissible to eat meat.
Which branch of philosophy can help her answer this question?
• Metaphysics
• Ethics
• Epistemology
• Cosmology
21. In Plato's view, justified true beliefs must be related to his metaphysical notion of __________, which he called the Forms.
• knowledge
• truth
• essence
• wisdom
22. According to Plato's doctrine of Forms, what makes a rose a rose is that it __________.
• changes the Form of Rose
• imitates the genuine Form of Rose
• serves the purpose of a rose
• reveals what is true about all roses
23. All of the following are central tenets of Aristotle's ethics, EXCEPT:
• Something is good when it excels at its function.
• An action is evaluated based on how it informs character.
• Knowing the essence of a thing can justify a belief.
• Any virtue can become a vice.
"I view the world as a mathematical entity of perfect harmony."
24. Which ancient philosopher would most likely have made this statement?
• Pythagoras
• Xenophanes
• Anaxagoras
• Protagoras
25. Heraclitus developed __________, which maintained that the world is composed of objects and their counterparts, all of which are connected to one another.
• the Unity of Opposites
• Heraclitean paradoxes
• Heraclitean metaphysics
• the Doctrine of Flux