1. Evaluation designs without pre-test or comparison groups are most appropriate when _____.
a. information regarding training effectiveness is not needed immediately
b. companies are interested in determining how much change has occurred
c. a company has a strong orientation toward evaluation
d. a company is only interested in whether trainees have achieved a certain proficiency level
2. If a firm measures its sales volume before and after a training program, which training outcome is it focused on?
a. Reactions
b. Return on expectations (ROE)
c. Return on investment (ROI)
d. Results