Estimate the bit rate of stm-1 frame what types of


Telecom Networks

Topics: Introduction to Telecom Networks, Network Types, Network Access, FDM, TDM, PCM, Higher order PCM, PDH, SDH, line coding

Question No. 1: Estimate the bit rate of STM-1 frame. What types of overheads are in the STM-1 frame and where are they located? Explain briefly.

Question No. 2: Explain the function of bits in Time slot "0" of the 2.048Mb/s STM-1 frame. Explain the functionality of the remaining time slots (1-31).

Question No. 3: Estimate the bit rate for a T1 and an E1 system.

Question No. 4: Describe the process of creating a North American DS2 from the North American DS1. The actual DS2 output is 6.321Mb/s. Why there is a difference in the output data rate calculated by you and the actual DS2 output bit rate,Explain. Also estimate the difference in the number of bits and indicate what kind of bits are they.

Question No. 5: A distant receiver receives the following 8-bit sequence 00011110. Using the μ-law graph below, estimate in which segment the voltage sample is located?

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