(a) Injection of 10 ml of saline at 200 C into the right atrium gives rise to a momentary fall in Swan Ganz catheter tip temperature, which is positioned in the right pulmonary artery. This fall in temperature can be approximated to a triangle, with a maximum fall of 0.50 C and a duration2 of 7 seconds. See elsewhere for physical properties of blood and saline. Assume the initial temperature of the blood is 37.00 C. Estimate Cardiac Output in l/min.
(b) Cardiac output can also be estimated non-invasively by using radioactive substances or by high frequency electric current. Explain ONE of these methods explaining advantages and disadvantages compared to the method in (a).
(c) What factors lead to myocardial ischaemia (MI) and how can the risk of a life-threatening MI be reduced through surgical procedures?