The following reaction has achieved equilibrium. Predict the effect on the formation of phosphorous pentachloride (increase, decrease or no effect) for the stated changes to the system:
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ↔ PCl5(g)
a) The concentration of phosphorous trichloride is increased.
b) The concentration of chlorine is decreased.
c) The volume of the container in which the reaction is taking place is suddenly made smaller.
d) The pressure of the system is increased by adding one atmosphere of gaseous nitrogen to the container.