Question 1
Differentiate the Individualistic and Collectivism components in Malaysian family culture.
Individualism emphasizes personal freedom and achievement. Individualist culture, awards social status to personal accomplishments such as important discoveries, innovations, great artistic or humanitarian achievements and all actions that make an individual stand out. Collectivism, in contrast, emphasizes embeddedness of individuals in a larger group. It encourages conformity and discourages individuals from dissenting and standing out.
Individualism and collectivism are thought to have widespread influence on how the relationship between the self as well as other people is conceptualized. Collectivists see themselves as similar to members and make a strong boundary. Individualists see themselves as more differentiated and separate from other people, including family and friends. Individualists frequently think of self- reliance as being able to pursue their own goals, while for collectivists, self- reliance mean not being a burden.
Malaysia being a collectivist country, which Malaysia depicts a collectivist country are given, namely parenting style, self-esteem, organizational values, and communication practices. Collectivism more precisely is a term used to describe any moral, political, or social outlook, that stresses human interdependence and the importance of a collective, rather than the importance of separate individuals. Collectivists focus on community and society and seek to give priority to group goals over individual goals. It supports the view that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Society as a whole can be seen as having more meaning or value than the separate individuals that make up that society.
Question 2
Discuss the FIVE (5) kinds of Human Rights, by providing ONE (1) example for each point.
A)Civil Rights
Civil Rights are the rights of individuals to receive equal treatment and to be free from unfair treatment or protection from discrimination, such as the right to privacy, freedom of thought, conscience, movement and religion, the rights to freedom of expression and speech. Everyone has the right which related to the protection of the right to life and personal liberty. Everyone has the right to freedom from torture or degrading treatment or punishment. Ensuring of people's integrity and safety. Civil rights can be thought of as the agreement between the nation, the state, and the individual citizens that they govern.
For example: Freedom of speech
B) Political Rights
Rights which allow a person to participate in running or influencing the administration of the government. These rights guarantee the positive liberty to contribute to the process of governing the affairs of society in which one lives. Political rights presume that the government processes should be structured so as to provide opportunities for political participation of all eligible citizens. According to the modern concept of political rights, every citizen should have the right and opportunity, without unreasonable restrictions, to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through chosen representatives.
For example: The right to vote
C) Economic Rights-right to education
Binti, A. A., Ayob. (2012). Malaysia & the collectivist culture. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/ArfaAyob/malaysia-and-collectivism
https://www.slideshare.net/ArfaAyob/malaysia-and-collectivism
https://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1230873.files/CulturalInfluences.pdf
https://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/what-are-civil-rights.html
https://www.lincoln.edu/criminaljustice/hr/Civilandpolitical.htm