1. What are deuterostomes and protostomes, and how are these concepts useful in biology? (Forget which opening comes first in development. The concept is much more profound than that!)
2. What are seeds and some advantages of seeds, compared to what predated them?
3. what are homologies and analogies? What do they teach us about the history of life on earth?
4. In what respects have plants been necessary for animals to evolve?
5. what have been some causes of extinctions in the history of life on earth? What5happens after mass extinction?
6. Locate "neoteny" and "heterochrony" on the web; provide examples and relate them to this part of the course (evolution).
7. What laboratory research has been done to examine the spontaneous development of early life forms or life-related molecules?
8. How would you distinguish bryophytes from seedless vascular plants in their natural habitats?