A horizontal pipe carrying superheated steam at 30.0 MPa and 1000.°C suddenly develops a small crack. Steam enters the crack at 30.0 m/s and passes through it in a steady state, adiabatic, aergonic process to exit at 0.101 MPa with a velocity of 250. m/s.
Determine the specific flow availabilities at the inlet and outlet of the crack, and calculate the irreversibility per unit mass of steam exiting the crack. Use saturated liquid water at 20.0°C as the local environment (ground state).